Manganese

Pyrolusite - MnO₂

_Source: http://rruff.info/Pyrolusite/R120169

Manganese is essential to iron and steel production by virtue of its sulfur-fixing, deoxidizing, and alloying properties. Steelmaking, including its ironmaking component, has accounted for most manganese demand, presently in the range of 85% to 90% of the total demand. Among a variety of other uses, manganese is a key component of low-cost stainless steel formulations. Manganese has no satisfactory substitute in its major applications, which are related to metallurgical alloy use. In minor applications, (e.g., manganese phosphating), zinc and sometimes vanadium are viable substitutes.

Manganese price: 12 months

Supply and demand

• International Manganese Institute

List of base metal stocks with latest financial data

Manganese News

Source: USGS

Manganese is the world's fourth-most consumed metal by weight, and the twelfth-most abundant in the Earth's crust. All steels contain it.

The predominant manganese ore is pyrolusite (Mn02), which is found in large quantities but distributed irregularly around the globe. Although the USGS projects, based on "estimates of demonstrated resources," that as much as 460 million tonnes of reserves exist worldwide, some 67% are accounted for by just three countries. . About 80% of the known world manganese resources are found in South Africa; other important manganese deposits are in  Australia, India, China, Gabon and Brazil. Manganese is mined in South Africa, Australia, China, Brazil, Gabon, Ukraine, India and Ghana and Kazakhstan.

Rhodonite - (Mn²⁺,Fe²⁺,Mg,Ca)SiO₃

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodonite

Hausmannite - Mn²⁺Mn³⁺₂O₄

_Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausmannite

Major Manganese Ore Producers

Country	Producer
Australia	Consolidated Minerals Limited
	Groote Eylandt Mining Company Co Pty Ltd (GEMCO)
Brazil	Companhia Vale do Rio Doce (Vale)
China	Guangdong Luoding Xinrong Mengkuang
	Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Daxin Manganese Mine
	Hunan Dongfang
	Taojiang, Xiangtaoyuan
	Xiangtan Manganese Mine
Gabon	Eramet Camilog
India	Manganese Ore India Ltd
Mexico	Compañia Minera Autlán S.A.B. de C.V.
South Africa	Assmang
	Samancor Manganese
Ukraine	Marganetsky GOK
	Ordzhonikidzovsky GOK

Source: USGS